Nepal is located in the Himalayas and contains eight of the ten highest mountains in the world. The Himalayas are often called the roof of the world. The mountains have done much to shape the history and culture of the nation. This small, landlocked nation sits between Tibet (now part of modern China) and India and has been influenced by both nations. But, thanks to the seclusion of the mountains, Nepal has developed many cultures of its own. There are many people groups in Nepal, and they remain quite isolated. The largest group, and the one that is currently in power, is the Brahmin and Chetri.
Researching the Brahmin and Chetri has been interesting since they have spread throughout the country and enforced their culture on the other people groups. Their success in making their culture the national culture can be seen in the fact that many authors fail to note the distinction, if they are even aware of it, between the Brahmin and Chetri and Nepali culture. They have, however, maintained their preeminence in society, through an adaptation of the Hindu caste system. These people of Aryan descent hold the key to the nation, and an understanding of their history and culture is essential to an effective ministry in Nepal.
The Brahmin and Chetri are of Indo-Aryan ancestry. In this paper they are treated as one people group because in the Nepali adaptation of the caste system they are very close and allow inter-marriage, which is not allowed with the lower castes.
Nepal has a more relaxed form of the Hindu four-caste system. The Brahmin were originally the priests and teachers and were highly respected. The Chetri were the protectors, the warriors, and the leaders of the people. The Baishya were the traders and craftsmen, and the Sudra were the common workers. The Pani Nachalne were so low they were not included in the caste system. They are the famous “untouchables.”
The Nepali version of the caste system commonly groups the upper two castes together as the Parbatiya or Tadgadhari which means “born-twice” or born-again. Born-again in this case refers to incarnation instead of salvation, but this term is still kind of neat. The other two castes are grouped together as the Matwali. Either as a reflection of the Parbatiya’s view of the Matwali or an accurate description of their life style, the word Matwali means “alcohol drinker.” While the Parabatiya are Indo-Aryan, the Matwali are mostly Tibeto-Burman. The Brahmin and Chetri are not only a separate economic class they also have a separate history.
The history of the Brahmin and Chetri reaches back to the ancient Khas. Little is known about this large group of people. Very few artifacts have been found. They were evidently Indo-Aryan Hindus. In the fourteenth century, the Muslims invaded northern India and the Rajasthani princes, who where also Hindu, fled into the Khas territory but quickly took over, dividing the area into many small kingdoms. They also conquered the Gurung and Magar in the midwestern section of modern Nepal.
The Eastern most kingdom of the Gurung territory was Gorkha. The city of Gorkha is just east of the center of modern Nepal between Kathmandu to the east and Pokhara to the west. Prithvi Narayan Shah, king of Ghorka from 1722-1775, was attracted to the wealth of the Kathmandu valley, which at the time was inhabited by Tibeto-Burman people, the most famous of which were the Newars. The Malla dynasties had been in power since the late twelfth century but by the eighteenth century had split into three city-states fighting among themselves. Prithvi Narayan Shah took advantage of the Malla weakness and internal fighting and began a 20-year war of attrition to take the valley. He then went on to conquer all of modern-day Nepal plus a good bit more. Several wars with the British of India and the Chinese have shrunk the border down to its present size.
The present king of Nepal, Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah, is the twelfth in the Shah dynasty. He is a Chetri of the Thakuri family. While the Shah dynasty has remained unbroken, from 1846-1951 a hereditary prime minister called a Rana was the head of government. The Rana were supported by the British, and when the British left India after World War II, they soon fell.
The Gorkhali also called Pahari (people of the hills) spread throughout the new land and multiplied greatly. The Brahmin and Chetri are the desendants of the ancient Gorkhali or Khas. They assigned the conquered people for the most part to the lower castes. However, not all groups have accepted these designations.
Even though they only make up about thirty to forty percent of the people of Nepal, The Brahman and Chetri have made their language the national language and call it Nepali. This language is also known as Kha-Nepali, Khas Kura, Gorkhali, Parbatiya, or Eastern Pahari. They have used various methods to “encourage” the other people groups to learn it. This has also made research difficult since there are now many different people groups of many different backgrounds that speak the same language.
With a history of oppression and subjugation you would expect to find Nepal about ready to explode with racial tension and a strong anti-caste movement. What is surprising, though, is that while there is a lot of tension and a strong communist movement, caste does not seem to be the main issue. As a matter of fact the majority of the leadership of the two communist parties are Brahmin and Chetri.
Nepal is a constitutional monarchy. It is the only Hindu Monarchy in the world. There are two main parties. The Congress party currently has a significant majority but is actually a combination of several other parties. The Opposition is led by one of two major Maoists Parties. The Communists have not been able to gain much control, but they have been managing to cause a lot of trouble. The leaders of both parties and most of the members are Brahmin and Chetri. The lower castes and the indigenous peoples of Nepal are very rarely involved in politics even though the Constitution now makes it illegal to discriminate against them. Discrimination was eliminated primarily because of outside pressure, but unofficial and social discrimination is still a problem.
The Brahmin and Chetri control the educational system and the Nepali language and culture are becoming even more dominant. Most schools are Nepali only, and the nations university is also Nepali only. To become a citizen, which many of the indigenous people are not, you must learn Nepali.
One of the most desired and well paying jobs in Nepal is in a non-government organization (NGO). Nepal has been the recipient of millions in humanitarian aid. Large portions of this money go into the pockets of the people who are given the responsibility of using it for the benefit of the people. There are several websites devoted to exposing and challenging caste discrimination. One of the main arguments given in their challenges is that a disproportionate number of Brahmin and Chetri are receiving these much coveted positions. There is little information on discrimination within the business world of Nepal. This is probably because there is not as much money in Nepali business. Although you cannot be absolutely certain when arguing from silence, it appears that the positions that are most desired and considered the most important are in NGO’s not business or government. The NGOs claim that their allocation of positions are in line with government population statistics. But, even this has been challenged.
Some have compared Nepal to America because of its great diversity. Actually Nepal has greater diversity and does not have a group with an unquestioned majority, like the whites of America. Nepal has fifty to one hundred or more people groups. The government has been accused of over-counting the Brahman and Chetri population and undercounting other groups. For example after much “persuasion” almost sixty percent of the people speak Nepali, therefore the Brahmin and Chetri claim to represent the majority of the people. Opposition groups claim that they are only thirty percent, and that since the women are not represented, they only represent fifteen percent of the population. The interesting thing about this is that the next largest group is only about eight percent, so the Brahmin and Chetri are still the largest group. The other claim made by the advocates for the indigenous people is that many villages are assigned to the “other” category and then lumped under the Chettri even though it is obvious they are not Chetri because they have never been treated with that much respect.
Their religion is traditionally Hindu, but in Nepal it has become very much mixed with Buddhism and Tantra or Animism. The Nepalis worship Buddha as a reincarnation of Vishnu a Hindu god. And for some reason the Buddhist worship many of the Hindu gods. They simply practice the religion that their families have been practicing for years.
In Nepal the practice of religion is far more important than doctrine. Religion is very integrated into their daily lives. They pray every morning and they have many religious festivals. All public holidays have religious significance. One other interesting fact is that the Brahmin and Chetri are vegetarians, but this is not from some general respect for animal life. Millions of animals are sacrifice as part of many of their holidays. The cow, however, is given a special place. The cows are thought to be divine. In Nepal the exclamation “Holy Cow” would be seen as simply redundant.
Most Nepalis are rural. It is still mostly an agricultural society. Things are changing rapidly, though, now that they are open to the outside world. There has been much industrial activity lately, and the country is starting to become more urban. The Brahmin, which were considered to be like the holy cows, did not originally own land. They were to be supported by the people, but many today have land and are farmers. As Nepal becomes more industrialized and urban, there will be drastic shifts in culture that could eventually sweep away the caste system.
The Nepalis eat Bhats…ok, Bhat, that is rice. Rice and curried vegetables are to the Nepali what hamburgers and french fries are to some Americans. In my humble opinion both could get boring. Actually the same or similar meals every day would get boring no matter what it is. In the cities, especially Kathmandu, you can get a bit more variety, but most of the people have very little variety. It is somewhat surprising for Nepal to have such a boring menu given its location, sandwiched between two countries that are famous for their food.
Nepal’s traditional art and fashion seem to have been developed by two groups that are so different that they hardly seem like they belong in the same nation. The temples in Nepal, many of which date back to the days when Tantra was the main religion, are now controlled by the Brahmin. The art that is found in these temples is anything but modest. The walls are often decorated with images of humans, gods, monkeys, and other creatures having sex in many painful or impossible positions, frequently with three or more partners. Ritual sex, as in many cultures, was seen as a way to gain favor with the gods, especially fertility gods who were very important to agriculture. The Brahmin and Chetri have done nothing to hide or remove this art.
In stark contrast to the temple art, Nepali fashion is very modest. Women wear robes that completely cover them and men wear baggy pants and long tunics. Modern fashion shows held in Nepal have been viewed more as entertainment than a real model for the clothes of the future. Many people like to see the strange clothes or all the skin that the clothes do not cover, but few ever even think about wearing such odd outfits. There has been considerable modernization in clothing styles in the last few decades but Nepal and the Brahmin and Chetri in particular remain much more conservative than the average American.
The Brahmin and Chetri, like most other people groups in southeast Asia, wear there life savings as jewelry. The jewelry in Nepal, especially, is quite large by western standards. Each people group has its own style. Supposedly, you can tell what people group or village people are from by their jewelry. The Brahmin and Chetri men can be identified by their Janai, a three strand cord that only they are supposed to wear.
When working with the Brahmin and Chetri and any other people group in Nepal there is very little that the average American would find morally offensive, except possibly the animal sacrifice. But, a quick survey of the Old Testament should cure any moral objections. As Christians we know that this is no longer necessary, and in this case, they are offering sacrifices to the wrong God, but this is a problem that will go away when a person gets saved and should never become a major issue.
Two things that would be a problem are alcoholism and child prostitution. Most Brahmin and Chetri consider both to be wrong and so there would not be a general conflict in morals, but it would be easy to get so involved in these and other social issues that you forget your main purpose. The best cure for and prevention against sin is a relationship with Christ. In fact most people groups of Nepal are comparatively conservative. They may not be as conservative as Muslim nations or east coast America, but they are close. A person from central or especially western United States would have to be careful not to offend the Nepali sense of morality. Americans already have a bad reputation thanks to television and tourists, which represent primarily the most liberal of Americans.
Evangelism in Nepal presents an interesting problem since any church you start is likely to fill quickly with the lower castes and therefore make it almost impossible for that church to reach out to the Brahmin and Chetri because of the social barriers. It is similar to Free Will Baptists finding it difficult to get the wealthy to come to their churches, only worse because there is a definite line between the castes, which no one crosses, and very few will associate with anyone of the lower castes. In order to reach the Brahmin and Chetri you almost have to establish a church for the few Brahmin and Chetri that you can reach at first and then train them to evangelize others in their caste. As believers become more familiar with the Bible and with the God that loves all people regardless of their caste, you can encourage them to attend the Matwalis church and even start to minister to them. It would be a great testimony to Christianity if you could bring these very diverse groups together.
The church for the Brahmin and Chetri should be kept open and active until there are no unsaved Brahmin and Chetri left to reach. Individuals that are not part of the Brahmin and Chetri outreach should be encouraged to go to the main church as soon as is reasonably possible so that the upper caste church does not become an established and separate denomination. These churches should always be seen as an outreach group and training ground for missionaries, and not accepted as a tradition of helping these castes to remain separate.
Reaching the Brahmin and Chetri requires a unique approach that is custom built to work in their society. Unfortunately, many of the Americans who do not make the mistake of assuming that all cultures are similar to their own, make the mistake of assuming that all foreign missions should take the same approach that is used in tribal Africa or South America. The message of the gospel stays the same, but the method of spreading the gospel must adapt to the culture being reached
Showing posts with label notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label notes. Show all posts
Saturday, 24 September 2011
Saturday, 6 August 2011
The Annapurna Sanctuary
This is probably the most ideal trek: lovely, short and intense, a direct route into the heart of the Himalaya. Spectacular mountain vistas and easy access make it among the most popular treks, with over 10,000 visitors per year. The sanctuary is a hidden pocket of meadow, moraine and glacier, ringed by magnificent sheer-walled
the annapurna sanctuary
6,000 - 8,000 meter peaks: the Annapurnas, Gangapurna, Machhapuchhare, Himchuli.
The trek requires ten to fourteens days and begins from Pokhara, passing through lowland villages and rice terraces to mountain glaciers. The trail rises nearly 2000 m in the last 8 km and one needs to plan for acclimatization. The trail is frequently slippery and there's danger of avalanches in few places, so early spring and winter trekking is unlikely. Accommodation in the lower portion (at least in Chhomrong) are deluxe; the upper stretch is understandably simple - no body lives up there for long time
Jomsom
जोमसोम (झुम्सा) मुस्ताङ जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम हो । यो २,८०० मिटरको उचाईमा काली गण्डकीको किनारमा अवस्थित छ । यो ठाउँबाट यसको दक्षिणी भेकमा पर्ने धौलागिरी तथा निलगिरी हिमालको राम्रो दृश्य देखिन्छ । यो ठाउँ प्रख्यात तीर्थस्थल मुक्तिनाथ तथा लोमान्थाङ जाने प्रवेश द्वारको रूपमा लिन सकिन्छ । जोमसोम अन्नपुर्ण संसक्षण क्षेत्र भित्र पर्दछ ।
Easily accessible via a 20-minute flight from Pokhara, Jomsom lies nestled beneath the splendor of Mount , Nilgiri. For those of you not inclined to make it to the mountains the hard way, i.e. slogging it on foot step by step in a gradual process, taking the US$ 50 flight to Jomsom from Pokhara is the ideal alternative. Jomsom, at an altitude of 2,700 meters lies tucked in between two giant mountain ranges, the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri- both reach out to the sky beyond 8,000 meters at their highest points, and although these ranges are around 35 kilometers apart, consider yourself to be technically positioned at the bottom of the world's deepest gorge, the Kali Gandaki Valley with a spectacular view of Mt. Nilgiri looming ahead like a huge snowy pyramid.
From Jomsom, one may venture on to leisurely treks for a day or two northwards to Kagbeni or southwards to Marpha, Tukuche, and Lete-Kalopani all of these places can be reached with effortless walking on an almost leveled surface. On the other hand, should the rarefied mountain air hinder your walking ability; you may choose to explore the area on a pony that can be made available by your hotel at a reasonable price. Food and board around Jomsom could probably be described as being the best among all the trekking regions of the country. All the better hotels provide cosy rooms that come with attached bath with running hot water. With three to four flights coming in from Pokhara every day, the larders of most restaurants are well stocked with fresh meat and vegetables.
Easily accessible via a 20-minute flight from Pokhara, Jomsom lies nestled beneath the splendor of Mount , Nilgiri. For those of you not inclined to make it to the mountains the hard way, i.e. slogging it on foot step by step in a gradual process, taking the US$ 50 flight to Jomsom from Pokhara is the ideal alternative. Jomsom, at an altitude of 2,700 meters lies tucked in between two giant mountain ranges, the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri- both reach out to the sky beyond 8,000 meters at their highest points, and although these ranges are around 35 kilometers apart, consider yourself to be technically positioned at the bottom of the world's deepest gorge, the Kali Gandaki Valley with a spectacular view of Mt. Nilgiri looming ahead like a huge snowy pyramid.
From Jomsom, one may venture on to leisurely treks for a day or two northwards to Kagbeni or southwards to Marpha, Tukuche, and Lete-Kalopani all of these places can be reached with effortless walking on an almost leveled surface. On the other hand, should the rarefied mountain air hinder your walking ability; you may choose to explore the area on a pony that can be made available by your hotel at a reasonable price. Food and board around Jomsom could probably be described as being the best among all the trekking regions of the country. All the better hotels provide cosy rooms that come with attached bath with running hot water. With three to four flights coming in from Pokhara every day, the larders of most restaurants are well stocked with fresh meat and vegetables.
The Annapurna Circuit
The Annapurna Circuit attracts a relatively high number of trekkers in Nepal. As the name itself suggests, this trail goes on a circuitous route around the entire Annapurna massif, visiting the Tibet-like country on the northern slopes of the Himalaya and the dramatic Kali Gandaki gorge. Much of
the trek is through lowland country, but there is one high pass, "Thorung La" (5,380m). The trail over the pass is steep but in good shape and not hard to follow. This is the one point of the entire circuit where you really feel you are amidst the mountains. However you should be aware of altitude sickness and be prepared for weather extremes as the Thorung La is notorious for changing its moods. The pass is usually snowbound and un-crossable form mid-December to mid-April.
The Kali Gandaki gorge is another spell binding part of this trip. Known to be the worlds deepest river gorge the trail upto the Jomsom (and Upper Mustang) actually goes side by side with the river giving the lonely trekker company and groups something to talk about. Thus the Annapurna circuit is an extraordinary trek, truly one of the world's best. It requires at least three weeks. But due to the popularity of this route it can sometimes tend to be crowded.
the trek is through lowland country, but there is one high pass, "Thorung La" (5,380m). The trail over the pass is steep but in good shape and not hard to follow. This is the one point of the entire circuit where you really feel you are amidst the mountains. However you should be aware of altitude sickness and be prepared for weather extremes as the Thorung La is notorious for changing its moods. The pass is usually snowbound and un-crossable form mid-December to mid-April.
The Kali Gandaki gorge is another spell binding part of this trip. Known to be the worlds deepest river gorge the trail upto the Jomsom (and Upper Mustang) actually goes side by side with the river giving the lonely trekker company and groups something to talk about. Thus the Annapurna circuit is an extraordinary trek, truly one of the world's best. It requires at least three weeks. But due to the popularity of this route it can sometimes tend to be crowded.
Places to Visit in Nepal
Welcome to Nepal, a Kingdom of high Himalayan mountains and deep valleys, lush jungles exotic wildlife, people of diverse origin and their own specific cultures. No wonder Nepal is known through so many names. The land of Everest, the highest mountain in the world, the birthplace of Lord Buddha,
Nepal
the only Hindu Kingdom in the world and so on. But what attracts so many to Nepal is it's beauty and the simplicity of its people. Roughly rectangular in shape, the Kingdom of Nepal is a landlocked country that is situated between China in the north and India in the east, west and south. The land extends roughly 885 km east to west and 193 km north to south.
Nepal
Altitude ranges from near sea level to 8,848 meters above it - the summit of Mt. Everest, the highest peak of the planet. This wild variation fosters an incredible variety of ecosystems: steamy jungles and terraced valleys, forested hills, frozen peaks and high altitude deserts. Tropical flowers frame views of not-so-distant snow peaks,
tigers and rhinos wander around lush jungles while snow leopards patrol barren mountain slopes.
Nepal's topography can be divided into three different geographic regions based on the rising elevation from the sea level. Each region has its own diverse environment, people and culture and their own special identit
Nepal
the only Hindu Kingdom in the world and so on. But what attracts so many to Nepal is it's beauty and the simplicity of its people. Roughly rectangular in shape, the Kingdom of Nepal is a landlocked country that is situated between China in the north and India in the east, west and south. The land extends roughly 885 km east to west and 193 km north to south.
Nepal
Altitude ranges from near sea level to 8,848 meters above it - the summit of Mt. Everest, the highest peak of the planet. This wild variation fosters an incredible variety of ecosystems: steamy jungles and terraced valleys, forested hills, frozen peaks and high altitude deserts. Tropical flowers frame views of not-so-distant snow peaks,
tigers and rhinos wander around lush jungles while snow leopards patrol barren mountain slopes.
Nepal's topography can be divided into three different geographic regions based on the rising elevation from the sea level. Each region has its own diverse environment, people and culture and their own special identit
Tuesday, 26 July 2011
information of nepal
HISTORY OF NEPAL
Although Nepal emerged in history in the first millennium BC, it was only in the 18th century that Nepal developed as a country of the present size. Archaeological remains suggest that areas of Nepal have been inhabited for more than 10,000 years.Nepal's recorded history began with the Kiratis, who arrived in the 7th or 8th century BC from the east. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and fondness for carrying long knives. It was during this period that Buddhism first came to the country; indeed it is claimed that Buddha and his disciple Ananda visited the Kathmandu Valley and stayed for a time in Patan. By 200 AD, Buddhism had waned, and was replaced by Hinduism, brought by the Licchavis, who invaded from northern India and overthrew the last Kirati king. The Hindus also introduced the caste system (which still continues today) and ushered in a classical age of Nepalese art and architecture. The Vamshavalis or chronicles, the oldest of which was written during the 14th century, are the only fairly reliable basis for Nepal's ancient history. The Vamshavalis mention the rule of several dynasties the Gopalas, the Abhiras and the Kiratas -- over a stretch of centuries. However, no extant historical evidence has yet authenticated the rule of these legendary dynasties. The documented history of Nepal begins with the Changu Narayan temple inscription of King Manadeva I (C 464-505 A.D.) of the Lichavi dynasty.
HIMALAYAS OF NEPAL
The Himalayas of Nepal cover three fourths of the land in Nepal. Nepal himalayas contain nine of the world's fourteen highest mountain peaks, Nepal is a true Himalayan kingdom. It is home to some of the highest, remotest, most rugged and most difficult terrain in the world. The Himalayas or "abode of snow" is in fact the youngest and highest mountain system in the world. It extends over 2,400kms as a vast south-facing area between the Indus and Brahmaputra rivers with Nanga Parbat (8,125m) and Namcha Barwa (7,755m) as its terminal high points. Fully a third of 800kms of its central section traverses Nepal and is known as the Nepal Himalayas, Here congregate more than 250 peaks that exceed 6,000m in height-a unique concentration of lofty dazzling summits. Containing nine of the world's fourteen highest mountain peaks, Nepal is a true Himalayan kingdom. Of the thirty one Himalayan peaks over 7,600m, twenty-two like in Nepal The loftiest peak in the world -- Mount Everest -- and other high peaks like Lhotse, Nuptse, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri and Manaslu, plus the presence of some exquisitely beautiful trekking routes, attract hundreds of thousands of people from all over the world to this lovely Himalayan destination.
FLORA AND FAUNA OF NEPAL
Flora and furna of nepal can be seggarate into four regions. Ranging from the subtropical forests of the Terai to the great peaks of the Himalayas in the north, Nepal abounds with some of the most spectacular sceneries in the whole of Asia, with a variety of fauna and flora also unparalleled elsewhere in the region. Between NepalÕs geographical extremes, one may find every vegetational type, from the treeless steppes of the Trans-Himalayan region in the extreme north and the birch, silver fir, larch and hemlock of the higher valleys to the oak, pine and rhododendron of the intermediate altitudes and the great sal and sissau forests of the south. The rolling densely forested hills and broad Dun valleys of the Terai along with other parts of the country, were formerly, renowned for their abundance and variety o wildlife. Though somewhat depleted as a result of agricultural settlements, deforestation, poaching and other causes, Nepal can still boast richer and more varied flora and fauna than any other area in Asia.
RELIGION IN NEPAL
In Nepal, religion is not just a set of beliefs and accompanying rituals handed down from generation to generation; rather religion in nepal is a complex intermingling of traditions, festivals, faiths and doctrines that have permeated every strata of Nepalese Society in such a way as to become the very heartbeat of the nation. Nepal is famous, as the world's only Hindu Kingdom. However, it is an intricate and beautiful tapestry formed by the interweaving of Hinduism, Buddhism and other beliefs. Religious tolerance and harmony such as is found in Nepal, is perhaps a unique example to the world.
BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE PLACES IN NEPAL
Nepal is also famous for its Buddhist pilgrimage places. Most of the pilgrim from buddhist come to Nepal for pilgrimage tour. Being Nepal as the birth place of Siddhartha Gautam. Shiddartha Gautam led the world on the path to enlightenment and became Lord Buddha two thousand five hundred years ago. There are four most holy places associated with the Lord Buddha and is Buddhist pilgrimage.
HINDU PILGRIMAGE PLACES OF NEPAL
There are three kinds of Hindu Pilgrimage places in Nepal for 1. Lord Shiva 2. Lord Vishnu , and 3. Ma Shakti . According to Purans Himalaya is home of Lord Shiva and Parbati. Hence there are many Pilgrimage sites related to Lord Shiva in Nepal. Pashupati Nath Temple is the Holiest pilgrimage of Lord Shiva. Mt. Kailash is the mountain of Lord Shiva and it is considered holiest of all holy mountains. Mt. Kailash is in Tibet near Nepal Tibet border. A mountain with a Temple on its top is also considered Holy Mountain. There are several Shakti-peeths related to Durga Ma throughout Nepal. Dakhinkali and Guheswori are most famous Shakti-peeths of Kathmandu valley. Other important Shakti-peeths are Pathibhara, Shaileswori, Vindyavashini, Mankamana, Jogeshwori, etc. Such Shakti-peeths are usually situated on the top of a mountain. The confluence of rivers, particularly when they are major tributaries of the Ganges, is always regarded as religiously significant by Hindus, as it is believed a third spiritual river also joins. Such confluence is called Triveni.
NATIONAL PARKS OF NEPAL
Nepal has established seven National Parks and three conservationa area for the protection of the endangered species. There is onlyone hunting reserve in Nepal.These national parks comes under the administration of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Department of the government of Nepal. The total area covered by these parks and reserves is 11,001 square kilometers (4,247 square miles). This represents 8% of the total area of Nepal. Nepal is also famous for its national parks most of the tourist come to Nepal to visit these National parks. List of National Parks found in Nepal.
ETHNIC GROUP OF NEPAL
Nepal has a population of more than 26 million people, made up of over 40 different races and tribes. The country offers such diversity that the visitor may experience any lifestyle from the stone age, in far west and high hills, to the jet age of Kathmandu. Nepalese society was ethnically diverse and complex in the early 1990s, ranging in phenotype (physical characteristics) and culture from the Indian to the Tibetan. Except for the sizable population of those of Indian birth or ancestry concentrated in the Tarai bordering India, the varied ethnic groups had evolved into distinct patterns over time. The two major groups in Nepalese society are Tibeto-Burmans, or Mongoloids from the north, and Indo-Aryans from the south. Many customs are inherited from both sides and have been developed by the influences of the land, climate and available resources. The varied ethnic groups of nepal had evolved into distinct patterns over time. The first group, comprising those who live in temprate (middle hill and valley) zone. The second major group consisted of communities occupying the alpine higher hills from the west to the east. The third group like in sub tropical region inhabited the more fertile lower hills, river valleys, and Tarai plains.
WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN NEPAL
Nepal's heritage is alive and dynamic. Shamanism, animism & Witch craft are still practiced in remote regions Temples, shrines monuments and monasteries are extremely active with devotees burning butter-lamps, singing hymns, chiming temple bells and playing drums.
World Heritage Sites (Natural):
1. Everest National Park (1148 Sq. Kms.)
2. Royal Chitawan National Park (923 Sq. Kms.)
World Heritage Site (Cultural):
1. Swayambhu
2. Bouddha
3. Bhaktapur
4. Changunarayan
5. Pashupatinath
6. Kathmandu Durbar Square
7. Patan Durbar Square
8. Lumbini
Art of Nepal
Arts of Nepal are traditional and religious in nature. Nepali art has been deeply influenced by religion since very early times. Nepalese arts are dominated by Hindu and Buddhist imagenery. Nepali art and sculpture primarily depicts figures of deities. Although painting in Nepal is also generally religious in content, many paintings integrate historical events, portraiture, cosmological diagrams, and astrological charts as well. Deities are depicted according to instructions contained in dhyana texts, so that worshipers and artists are able to visualize them more accurately. The cult of Bhairava, which is devoted to the worship of Shiva, has influenced much of the imagery in Nepali art. Achitecture in Nepal is noted for its palaces, although the wood and brick composition of many structures in the Himalayan valley has left few pre-16th-century buildings extant. An important early Vishnu Temple is at Changu Narayan.
Although Nepal emerged in history in the first millennium BC, it was only in the 18th century that Nepal developed as a country of the present size. Archaeological remains suggest that areas of Nepal have been inhabited for more than 10,000 years.Nepal's recorded history began with the Kiratis, who arrived in the 7th or 8th century BC from the east. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and fondness for carrying long knives. It was during this period that Buddhism first came to the country; indeed it is claimed that Buddha and his disciple Ananda visited the Kathmandu Valley and stayed for a time in Patan. By 200 AD, Buddhism had waned, and was replaced by Hinduism, brought by the Licchavis, who invaded from northern India and overthrew the last Kirati king. The Hindus also introduced the caste system (which still continues today) and ushered in a classical age of Nepalese art and architecture. The Vamshavalis or chronicles, the oldest of which was written during the 14th century, are the only fairly reliable basis for Nepal's ancient history. The Vamshavalis mention the rule of several dynasties the Gopalas, the Abhiras and the Kiratas -- over a stretch of centuries. However, no extant historical evidence has yet authenticated the rule of these legendary dynasties. The documented history of Nepal begins with the Changu Narayan temple inscription of King Manadeva I (C 464-505 A.D.) of the Lichavi dynasty.
HIMALAYAS OF NEPAL
The Himalayas of Nepal cover three fourths of the land in Nepal. Nepal himalayas contain nine of the world's fourteen highest mountain peaks, Nepal is a true Himalayan kingdom. It is home to some of the highest, remotest, most rugged and most difficult terrain in the world. The Himalayas or "abode of snow" is in fact the youngest and highest mountain system in the world. It extends over 2,400kms as a vast south-facing area between the Indus and Brahmaputra rivers with Nanga Parbat (8,125m) and Namcha Barwa (7,755m) as its terminal high points. Fully a third of 800kms of its central section traverses Nepal and is known as the Nepal Himalayas, Here congregate more than 250 peaks that exceed 6,000m in height-a unique concentration of lofty dazzling summits. Containing nine of the world's fourteen highest mountain peaks, Nepal is a true Himalayan kingdom. Of the thirty one Himalayan peaks over 7,600m, twenty-two like in Nepal The loftiest peak in the world -- Mount Everest -- and other high peaks like Lhotse, Nuptse, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri and Manaslu, plus the presence of some exquisitely beautiful trekking routes, attract hundreds of thousands of people from all over the world to this lovely Himalayan destination.
FLORA AND FAUNA OF NEPAL
Flora and furna of nepal can be seggarate into four regions. Ranging from the subtropical forests of the Terai to the great peaks of the Himalayas in the north, Nepal abounds with some of the most spectacular sceneries in the whole of Asia, with a variety of fauna and flora also unparalleled elsewhere in the region. Between NepalÕs geographical extremes, one may find every vegetational type, from the treeless steppes of the Trans-Himalayan region in the extreme north and the birch, silver fir, larch and hemlock of the higher valleys to the oak, pine and rhododendron of the intermediate altitudes and the great sal and sissau forests of the south. The rolling densely forested hills and broad Dun valleys of the Terai along with other parts of the country, were formerly, renowned for their abundance and variety o wildlife. Though somewhat depleted as a result of agricultural settlements, deforestation, poaching and other causes, Nepal can still boast richer and more varied flora and fauna than any other area in Asia.
RELIGION IN NEPAL
In Nepal, religion is not just a set of beliefs and accompanying rituals handed down from generation to generation; rather religion in nepal is a complex intermingling of traditions, festivals, faiths and doctrines that have permeated every strata of Nepalese Society in such a way as to become the very heartbeat of the nation. Nepal is famous, as the world's only Hindu Kingdom. However, it is an intricate and beautiful tapestry formed by the interweaving of Hinduism, Buddhism and other beliefs. Religious tolerance and harmony such as is found in Nepal, is perhaps a unique example to the world.
BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE PLACES IN NEPAL
Nepal is also famous for its Buddhist pilgrimage places. Most of the pilgrim from buddhist come to Nepal for pilgrimage tour. Being Nepal as the birth place of Siddhartha Gautam. Shiddartha Gautam led the world on the path to enlightenment and became Lord Buddha two thousand five hundred years ago. There are four most holy places associated with the Lord Buddha and is Buddhist pilgrimage.
HINDU PILGRIMAGE PLACES OF NEPAL
There are three kinds of Hindu Pilgrimage places in Nepal for 1. Lord Shiva 2. Lord Vishnu , and 3. Ma Shakti . According to Purans Himalaya is home of Lord Shiva and Parbati. Hence there are many Pilgrimage sites related to Lord Shiva in Nepal. Pashupati Nath Temple is the Holiest pilgrimage of Lord Shiva. Mt. Kailash is the mountain of Lord Shiva and it is considered holiest of all holy mountains. Mt. Kailash is in Tibet near Nepal Tibet border. A mountain with a Temple on its top is also considered Holy Mountain. There are several Shakti-peeths related to Durga Ma throughout Nepal. Dakhinkali and Guheswori are most famous Shakti-peeths of Kathmandu valley. Other important Shakti-peeths are Pathibhara, Shaileswori, Vindyavashini, Mankamana, Jogeshwori, etc. Such Shakti-peeths are usually situated on the top of a mountain. The confluence of rivers, particularly when they are major tributaries of the Ganges, is always regarded as religiously significant by Hindus, as it is believed a third spiritual river also joins. Such confluence is called Triveni.
NATIONAL PARKS OF NEPAL
Nepal has established seven National Parks and three conservationa area for the protection of the endangered species. There is onlyone hunting reserve in Nepal.These national parks comes under the administration of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Department of the government of Nepal. The total area covered by these parks and reserves is 11,001 square kilometers (4,247 square miles). This represents 8% of the total area of Nepal. Nepal is also famous for its national parks most of the tourist come to Nepal to visit these National parks. List of National Parks found in Nepal.
ETHNIC GROUP OF NEPAL
Nepal has a population of more than 26 million people, made up of over 40 different races and tribes. The country offers such diversity that the visitor may experience any lifestyle from the stone age, in far west and high hills, to the jet age of Kathmandu. Nepalese society was ethnically diverse and complex in the early 1990s, ranging in phenotype (physical characteristics) and culture from the Indian to the Tibetan. Except for the sizable population of those of Indian birth or ancestry concentrated in the Tarai bordering India, the varied ethnic groups had evolved into distinct patterns over time. The two major groups in Nepalese society are Tibeto-Burmans, or Mongoloids from the north, and Indo-Aryans from the south. Many customs are inherited from both sides and have been developed by the influences of the land, climate and available resources. The varied ethnic groups of nepal had evolved into distinct patterns over time. The first group, comprising those who live in temprate (middle hill and valley) zone. The second major group consisted of communities occupying the alpine higher hills from the west to the east. The third group like in sub tropical region inhabited the more fertile lower hills, river valleys, and Tarai plains.
WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN NEPAL
Nepal's heritage is alive and dynamic. Shamanism, animism & Witch craft are still practiced in remote regions Temples, shrines monuments and monasteries are extremely active with devotees burning butter-lamps, singing hymns, chiming temple bells and playing drums.
World Heritage Sites (Natural):
1. Everest National Park (1148 Sq. Kms.)
2. Royal Chitawan National Park (923 Sq. Kms.)
World Heritage Site (Cultural):
1. Swayambhu
2. Bouddha
3. Bhaktapur
4. Changunarayan
5. Pashupatinath
6. Kathmandu Durbar Square
7. Patan Durbar Square
8. Lumbini
Art of Nepal
Arts of Nepal are traditional and religious in nature. Nepali art has been deeply influenced by religion since very early times. Nepalese arts are dominated by Hindu and Buddhist imagenery. Nepali art and sculpture primarily depicts figures of deities. Although painting in Nepal is also generally religious in content, many paintings integrate historical events, portraiture, cosmological diagrams, and astrological charts as well. Deities are depicted according to instructions contained in dhyana texts, so that worshipers and artists are able to visualize them more accurately. The cult of Bhairava, which is devoted to the worship of Shiva, has influenced much of the imagery in Nepali art. Achitecture in Nepal is noted for its palaces, although the wood and brick composition of many structures in the Himalayan valley has left few pre-16th-century buildings extant. An important early Vishnu Temple is at Changu Narayan.
about nepal
The Republican of Nepal covers an area of 147, 181 square kilometers,
and stretches 145-241 kilometers north to south and 850 kilometers west to east. The country is located between India in the south and China in the north. At latitudes 26 and 30 degrees north and longitudes 80 and 88 degrees east, Nepal is topographically divided into three regions: the Himalaya to the north, the hills consisting of the Mahabharat range and the Churia Hills in the middle, and the Terai to the south. Elevations are varied in the kingdom. The highest point is Mt. Everest (8848m) in the north and the lowest point (70 meters above sea level) is located at Kechana Kalan of Jhapa District. Altitude increases as you travel south to north. To the north temperatures are below-40 degrees Celsius and in the Terai, temperatures rise to 40 degrees Celsius in the summer. During June, July and August, the Republican is influenced by monsoon clouds.
The Himalaya:
The Himalayan range makes up the northern border of the country and represents 16% of the total land area of Nepal. Peaks like Mt. Everest (8848m), Kanchanjunga (8598m), and Dhaulagiri (8137m) are found here and sparse vegetation is found up to 4,500m. Some of Nepal's most beautiful animal and plant life are also found here. Although rare, the snow leopard and Danphe bird are much talked-about sights among visitors. The people in this region produce and sell cheese besides working as porters and guides. Many also trade with Tibet and travel across the border to sell their goods.
The hills:
This region covers 65% of the total land area of the country. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal is located here. Elevations range from 500 to 3,000m above sea level. During summer the temperature reaches an average of 32 degrees Celsius. Winters are cold, temperature sometimes, reaches-1 degree Celsius. Areas in the eastern hills receive more rainfall because of the monsoon clouds which come from the south-east. The rivers in the west which do not receive much rainfall are dependent upon the melted snow that flow down the Himalaya. Wild animals to be found here are the spotted leopard, barking deer, and Himalayan black bear. The hilly region is also popular for different kinds of birds. Over four hundred species of birds are found here. The people in this region have gained from the growth in the tourism industry. The people here work as trekking guides and porters and also sell garments and carpets to add to their income.
Terai:
The Terai covers 17% of the total land area of Nepal. It provides excellent farming land and the average elevation of flatlands is 100 to 300 m above sea-level. In the sub-tropical forest areas of Terai are found, marshes and wildlife which include the Royal Bengal Tiger, one horned rhino, and the gharial crocodile etc. After the eradication of malaria in the 1960s, many people migrated to the Terai in search of farming land. Today, about 48% of the country's population occupy this region. Flat farmlands and the region's flexible topography have given rise to many industries. The main industrial towns are Biratnagar, Butwal, Bhairahawa, Birgunj and Janakpur, Calcutta, a metropolitan city in India is the closest sea-port. It lies 1,000 kilometers away from Birgunj
Everest Base Camp Treks
Trip Overview
The Everest Base Camp Trek is one of the most popular trekking routes in the Himalayan destination of Nepal. This is visited by thousands of trekkers each year. Everest journey begins with an early morning flight from Kathmandu to the Mountain airstrip at Lukla in the heart of the Khumbu region. Climbers trek upward to the Sherpa capital of Namche Bazaar 3,440 meters, following the valley of the Dudh Kosi river. The village is a central hub of the area, typically at this point; climbers allow a day of rest for acclimatization. From Namche we trek to Khumjung Tengboche monastery, the seat of Sherpa Culture. It is mainly a gradual push up to Kala Pattar and Everest Base Camp resting one day in Dingboche or Pheriche for some side trips and further acclimatization. After some spectacular close up views of Everest along with Nuptse Lohtse and Mount Pumori we retrace to Lukla for our flight to Kathmandu.
Highlights of the Trip
Everest Base Camp Trek takes us through interesting Sherpa village to stunning views of Everest, Ama Dablam, and Nuptse. The Himalayan Sights like Everest, Ama Dablam, Nutse, Lotse, Thamserku, and Mt. Pumori glimpse are incredible parts of this trekking.
Difficulties of the Trip
Since the terrain can be hard and the days long, hikers on these treks should be in good physical condition and have some previous mountain walking experience. But It does not require any technical experience. Steep climbing may be involved, although it is never necessary to use ropes.
Sample Day on "Everest Base Camp Trek"
You will weaken up happy for trip. Before breakfast you pack your stuff into your kit bag which is then taken by the porters and will not usually be available to you until lodge that afternoon. We are usually on the trail between 7.30 am and 8.30 am. Following a good morning's walk, we stop for lunch at around 11 am. Lunch is usually a one hour break to allow for the trekker's meal followed by the crew meal. This break also enables you to do your washing bushwalk, although with stops along the way, you will cope with a moderately graded trek. Speed is not important, stamina, confidence and continuity are. The evenings are spent reading or chatting with your associate trekkers and crew about the trip so far(s). A pack of cards is an asset on these nights; the crew love teaching various Nepali card games and learning new Western games. Finally, Before going to bed your guide will brief your about tomorrows trekking route. It’s off to bed for a well deserved night's rest before you start it all again.
Outline Itinerary
Day 01 Arrive at Kathmandu airport. You will be welcome by our representative and transfer to hotel.
Day 02 Guided Kathmandu Sightseeing by car.
Day 03 Fly to Lukla (2,800m/9,186ft) & trek to Phakding (2,652m/8,700ft), 3-4 hrs walk.
Day 04 Phakding to Namche Bazaar (3,440m/11,283ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 05 Acclimatization day at Namche Bazaar.
Day 06 Namche to Tyangboche (3,867m/12684ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 07 Tyangboche to Dingboche (4,358m/14,295 ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 08 Acclimatization day at Dingboche.
Day 09 Dingboche to Lobuche (4,928m/16164 ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 10 Trek to Gorakshep (5,160m/16,929ft) & hike to Everest Base Camp (5,320m/17,450ft) 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 11 Early Hike to Kala Pathar(5,550m/18,204ft) & trek back to Pheriche 6-7 hrs walk.
Day 12 Pheriche to Kyanjuma (3,500m/11,480ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 13 Kyanjuma to Khumjung to Monju (2,850m/9,348ft), 6-7 hrs walk.
Day 14 Monju to Lukla (2,800m/9,186ft), 4-5 hrs walk.
Day 15 Fly back to Kathmandu.
Day 16 Transfer for your final departure.
The Everest Base Camp Trek is one of the most popular trekking routes in the Himalayan destination of Nepal. This is visited by thousands of trekkers each year. Everest journey begins with an early morning flight from Kathmandu to the Mountain airstrip at Lukla in the heart of the Khumbu region. Climbers trek upward to the Sherpa capital of Namche Bazaar 3,440 meters, following the valley of the Dudh Kosi river. The village is a central hub of the area, typically at this point; climbers allow a day of rest for acclimatization. From Namche we trek to Khumjung Tengboche monastery, the seat of Sherpa Culture. It is mainly a gradual push up to Kala Pattar and Everest Base Camp resting one day in Dingboche or Pheriche for some side trips and further acclimatization. After some spectacular close up views of Everest along with Nuptse Lohtse and Mount Pumori we retrace to Lukla for our flight to Kathmandu.
Highlights of the Trip
Difficulties of the Trip
Since the terrain can be hard and the days long, hikers on these treks should be in good physical condition and have some previous mountain walking experience. But It does not require any technical experience. Steep climbing may be involved, although it is never necessary to use ropes.
Sample Day on "Everest Base Camp Trek"
You will weaken up happy for trip. Before breakfast you pack your stuff into your kit bag which is then taken by the porters and will not usually be available to you until lodge that afternoon. We are usually on the trail between 7.30 am and 8.30 am. Following a good morning's walk, we stop for lunch at around 11 am. Lunch is usually a one hour break to allow for the trekker's meal followed by the crew meal. This break also enables you to do your washing bushwalk, although with stops along the way, you will cope with a moderately graded trek. Speed is not important, stamina, confidence and continuity are. The evenings are spent reading or chatting with your associate trekkers and crew about the trip so far(s). A pack of cards is an asset on these nights; the crew love teaching various Nepali card games and learning new Western games. Finally, Before going to bed your guide will brief your about tomorrows trekking route. It’s off to bed for a well deserved night's rest before you start it all again.
Outline Itinerary
Day 01 Arrive at Kathmandu airport. You will be welcome by our representative and transfer to hotel.
Day 02 Guided Kathmandu Sightseeing by car.
Day 03 Fly to Lukla (2,800m/9,186ft) & trek to Phakding (2,652m/8,700ft), 3-4 hrs walk.
Day 04 Phakding to Namche Bazaar (3,440m/11,283ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 05 Acclimatization day at Namche Bazaar.
Day 06 Namche to Tyangboche (3,867m/12684ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 07 Tyangboche to Dingboche (4,358m/14,295 ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 08 Acclimatization day at Dingboche.
Day 09 Dingboche to Lobuche (4,928m/16164 ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 10 Trek to Gorakshep (5,160m/16,929ft) & hike to Everest Base Camp (5,320m/17,450ft) 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 11 Early Hike to Kala Pathar(5,550m/18,204ft) & trek back to Pheriche 6-7 hrs walk.
Day 12 Pheriche to Kyanjuma (3,500m/11,480ft), 5-6 hrs walk.
Day 13 Kyanjuma to Khumjung to Monju (2,850m/9,348ft), 6-7 hrs walk.
Day 14 Monju to Lukla (2,800m/9,186ft), 4-5 hrs walk.
Day 15 Fly back to Kathmandu.
Day 16 Transfer for your final departure.
Everest Base Camp Trek: An Experience of a Lifetime
One of the most significant adventures that one could endeavor to undertake is the Everest Base Camp Trek. With Mount Everest being the highest mountain in the world, at 29,028 feet, mountain climbing is something that many consider a state of accomplishment once climbed. Besides that, many travelers just go to enjoy the scenery and the sunset that comes over the Mt. from the Khumbu Icefalls or Kala Patar.
The camp is based in the Khumbu Region and is the home to the Sherpa people, who are well known for their captivating culture traditions and hospitality. When one sets out to the Everest Base Camp trek, they will pass upon ancient monasteries, the Himalayan peaks, legendary mountaineers, or even the mythical Yeti. Depending on what you want, there are two main routes that will lead you to the top, both offering fantastic rewards. From the two to choose are the Gokyo Lakes trek and the Khumbu Valley trek.
.
If you choose to go on the Gokyo Lakes trek, you have beauty awaiting you. It is well known for the gorgeous turquois lakes that cover a vast landscape, as well as the gasping Himalayans. Many trekkers very frequently overlook this valley, which lies west of Khumbu Valley. For this reason, there are fewer people found on the course by the Gokyo Lakes which makes it a great opportunity for one to set out on the devious route. It will take you on a route of its own, departing from the main Everest Base Camp trek route, passing by many farm villages that are high up from the Dudh Koshi River. You will pass 3 splendid turquoise lakes and then you reach the village Gokyo.
Here at the village Gokyo, you have a view of four out of the six tallest mountains in the world, Lhotse, Cho Oyu, Makalu, and of course Mount Everest. If you are a trekker who has the time, you might want to explore Gokyo Valley further, as it is something that is to be marveled at and admired. As you continue your regular trek, it climbs to the top of the Himalayan pass called Cho La pass and joins back up with the regular Everest route.
What if you want to choose the Khumbu Valley trail? This trek will have you passing along the banks of the Dudh Koshi River. You are going to come across very interesting sites along this path. For instance, there is a historic Buddhist monastery that you’ll be able to tour when you reach Tengboche. Or what about the stone memorials of past climbers who had died in their endeavors to climb the mountain? On this, the Khumbu Valley trail, you will have gasping views of Mt. Everest, also called by the Sherpa people and Tebetan people “Sagamartha” (meaning head of the sky) or “Chomolungma” (meaning Mother Goddess of the Universe).
No matter the case, your journey to the Everest Base Camp Trek will be full of excitement and beauty. On average, the trip takes about 12 to 14 days of trekking and it is recommended that you stop at the village Namche Bazaar to spend a couple days before going any higher than 12,000 ft. This is for those who may not be used to the high altitude change that takes place and could very well result in altitude sickness, which is very common for many mountain climbers attempting to climb Everest. This will give climbers time to get used to the atmosphere and take in the mountain air.
Actually, one of the most important things you could probably do before trying to accomplish such a task is to take the necessary precautions and prepare properly for the journey. When you are traveling to Everest Base Camp Trek it has many challenges. So it is important that you are equipped properly and capable physically, as well as mentally.
No, the trek isn’t impossible, but because it is low in temperature and in high altitudes, you could suffer from HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema) or HACE (high altitude cerebral edema). That is why it is important that you plan your trip out and figure everything out before diving into this once in lifetime experience. Get a guide service or local outfitters to accompany you. That way, you’ll have someone who knows what they’re doing.
Most of all, if this is your first time going on the Everest Base Camp Trek, take it slow. Why take it fast? This is a time to relax, take pictures, and enjoy one of the earth’s most captivating sites in the world
The camp is based in the Khumbu Region and is the home to the Sherpa people, who are well known for their captivating culture traditions and hospitality. When one sets out to the Everest Base Camp trek, they will pass upon ancient monasteries, the Himalayan peaks, legendary mountaineers, or even the mythical Yeti. Depending on what you want, there are two main routes that will lead you to the top, both offering fantastic rewards. From the two to choose are the Gokyo Lakes trek and the Khumbu Valley trek.
.
If you choose to go on the Gokyo Lakes trek, you have beauty awaiting you. It is well known for the gorgeous turquois lakes that cover a vast landscape, as well as the gasping Himalayans. Many trekkers very frequently overlook this valley, which lies west of Khumbu Valley. For this reason, there are fewer people found on the course by the Gokyo Lakes which makes it a great opportunity for one to set out on the devious route. It will take you on a route of its own, departing from the main Everest Base Camp trek route, passing by many farm villages that are high up from the Dudh Koshi River. You will pass 3 splendid turquoise lakes and then you reach the village Gokyo.
Here at the village Gokyo, you have a view of four out of the six tallest mountains in the world, Lhotse, Cho Oyu, Makalu, and of course Mount Everest. If you are a trekker who has the time, you might want to explore Gokyo Valley further, as it is something that is to be marveled at and admired. As you continue your regular trek, it climbs to the top of the Himalayan pass called Cho La pass and joins back up with the regular Everest route.
What if you want to choose the Khumbu Valley trail? This trek will have you passing along the banks of the Dudh Koshi River. You are going to come across very interesting sites along this path. For instance, there is a historic Buddhist monastery that you’ll be able to tour when you reach Tengboche. Or what about the stone memorials of past climbers who had died in their endeavors to climb the mountain? On this, the Khumbu Valley trail, you will have gasping views of Mt. Everest, also called by the Sherpa people and Tebetan people “Sagamartha” (meaning head of the sky) or “Chomolungma” (meaning Mother Goddess of the Universe).
No matter the case, your journey to the Everest Base Camp Trek will be full of excitement and beauty. On average, the trip takes about 12 to 14 days of trekking and it is recommended that you stop at the village Namche Bazaar to spend a couple days before going any higher than 12,000 ft. This is for those who may not be used to the high altitude change that takes place and could very well result in altitude sickness, which is very common for many mountain climbers attempting to climb Everest. This will give climbers time to get used to the atmosphere and take in the mountain air.
Actually, one of the most important things you could probably do before trying to accomplish such a task is to take the necessary precautions and prepare properly for the journey. When you are traveling to Everest Base Camp Trek it has many challenges. So it is important that you are equipped properly and capable physically, as well as mentally.
No, the trek isn’t impossible, but because it is low in temperature and in high altitudes, you could suffer from HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema) or HACE (high altitude cerebral edema). That is why it is important that you plan your trip out and figure everything out before diving into this once in lifetime experience. Get a guide service or local outfitters to accompany you. That way, you’ll have someone who knows what they’re doing.
Most of all, if this is your first time going on the Everest Base Camp Trek, take it slow. Why take it fast? This is a time to relax, take pictures, and enjoy one of the earth’s most captivating sites in the world
Trekking in Nepal Himalaya ...
Outfitter Nepal is a team of professional tourism entrepreneurs fully committed to help each individual tourist. The company ensures that your trips become a memorable and a life time experience. It believes each individual (you might be the one) has to enjoy natural and cultural heritage of tiny Nepal, yet amazingly diverse country, to fullest.
The young and enthusiastic team of Outfitter is united for a cause: To make you fully satisfied during your trip in Nepal and show that Nepal is one of the best destinations, not only for the mountain lovers alone, but also for everyone who like to discover the natural diversity, cultural variety, flora and fauna through any activities; Trekking, Tour, Jungle Safari, Rafting, Expedition, Climbing, and other Adventure sports.
The team members have a through knowledge in wide range of fields such as geography, culture, history, biodiversity and travel. They have long years of experience in guiding, trekking, rafting, wildlife safari and other adventurous activities in Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and India. All members are well-trained and license holders to work in their fields of expertise. Outfitter Nepal is the most reliable, reasonable and one of the leading trekking company to provide tourists the most thrilling and admirable trekking experience to tourists who come in its contact. It also runs trekking, tour and adventurous activities in India, Bhutan and Tibet with the successful track the record. Our motto is to impart an optimum satisfaction to our clients with high quality services at affordable price....
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The young and enthusiastic team of Outfitter is united for a cause: To make you fully satisfied during your trip in Nepal and show that Nepal is one of the best destinations, not only for the mountain lovers alone, but also for everyone who like to discover the natural diversity, cultural variety, flora and fauna through any activities; Trekking, Tour, Jungle Safari, Rafting, Expedition, Climbing, and other Adventure sports.
The team members have a through knowledge in wide range of fields such as geography, culture, history, biodiversity and travel. They have long years of experience in guiding, trekking, rafting, wildlife safari and other adventurous activities in Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and India. All members are well-trained and license holders to work in their fields of expertise. Outfitter Nepal is the most reliable, reasonable and one of the leading trekking company to provide tourists the most thrilling and admirable trekking experience to tourists who come in its contact. It also runs trekking, tour and adventurous activities in India, Bhutan and Tibet with the successful track the record. Our motto is to impart an optimum satisfaction to our clients with high quality services at affordable price....
»
Friday, 22 July 2011
Visit Nepal Tourism Year 2011
To attract tourists from all over the world, Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation has come up with an ambitious plan, ‘Visit Nepal Tourism Year 2011’
. Ministry is optimistic that this kind of events will increase tourist arrival and ultimately will create jobs and reduce poverty. In the budget government already committed fund to construct new international airport at Bara and upgrade few domestic airports. In addition, Ministry is searching for new trekking routes and looking to invest on infrastructure development. Previous such event was held back in 1998 as ‘Visit Nepal 1998’.
. Ministry is optimistic that this kind of events will increase tourist arrival and ultimately will create jobs and reduce poverty. In the budget government already committed fund to construct new international airport at Bara and upgrade few domestic airports. In addition, Ministry is searching for new trekking routes and looking to invest on infrastructure development. Previous such event was held back in 1998 as ‘Visit Nepal 1998’.
Royal Chitwan National Park
Introduction
Royal Chitwan National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation in South Asia. The prefix "Royal" is being slowly removed from many names in Nepal such as from the name Royal Nepal Airlines which is now Nepal Airlines. Similarly Royal Chitwan National Park is now just called Chitwan National Park.
Formerly, the Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had approved in principle the creation of Royal Chitwan National Park.This is the first national park of Nepal established in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of southern central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World Heritage Site in 1984.
Chitwan is also a place to learn about the Tharu people.Chitwan's National Park is the main attraction in the region. This park is regarded as the best national park of Nepal, and is also the most developed one. Main activities in Chitwan include Jungle Safari, Bird Watching and Boat Tour. Jungle Safari is the most popular one. You will journey into the deep forest riding on elephant back, you will witness the preserved natural assets of Nepal, birds, flora and fauna. World's one of the most endangered species, Bengal Tigers are found abundant in Nepal, many in Chitwan national park. For animal lovers, Chitwan national park offers them an opportunity of a life time to see Royal Bengal tigers, one-horned rhinos, various species of birds and butterflies.. Most include elephant safaris, jungle walks, canoeing and cultural activities.
One Horned Rhinos and Bengal Tigers are the main two animals that are famous in the park. Spotting them while on a safari will be the joy of a life-time. To spot bengal tiger, you might have to extend your stay in Chitwan a little longer!! Altitude of the park ranges from 492 feet (150m) to 2673 feet (815m) Over a 50 different mammals and 450 species of birds are located in the park .
The park consists of churia hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150 m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.
Vegetation and Animals:
*The Chitwan valley is characterized by tropical to subtropical forest. 70% of park vegetation is predominantly Sal ( Shorea robusta ) forest, a moist deciduous climax vegetation type of the Terai region. The remaining vegetation types include grassland (20%), riverine forest (7%) and Sal with Chirpine ( Pinus roxburghii ) (3%), the latter occurring at the top of the Churia range. The riverine forests mainly consists of khair, sissoo and simal. The simal is with spiny bark when young and develops buttress at the bottom in older stage. The grasslands form a diverse and complex community with over 50 species. The Sacchrum species, often called elephant-grass can reach 8 m in height. The shorter grasses such as Imperata is useful for thatch roofs.
*There are more than 43 species of mammals in the park. The park is specially renowned for the protection of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, tiger, gharial crocodile along with many other common species of wild animals. The estimated population of endangered species of animals such as gaur, wild elephant, four horned antelope, striped hyena, pangolin, gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard and python, etc.
* Some of the other animals found in the park are samber, chital, hog deer, barking deer, sloth bear, common leopard, ratel, palm civet, wild dog, langur, rhesus monkey, etc.
There are over 450 species of birds in the park. Among the endangered birds found in the park are Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser florican, black stork and white stork, Few of the common birds seen are peafowl, red jungle fowl, and different species of egrets, herons, kingfishers, flycatchers and woodpeckers. The best time for bird watching is March and December.
* More than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles occur in the park and some of which are marsh mugger crocodile, cobra, green pit viper and various species of frogs and tortoises.
* The park is actively engaged in the scientific studies of several species of wild flora and fauna.
Environment
To a causal observer the pattern of vegetation in Chitwan probably seems stable. On the low lying flat land near the rivers, including the large islands in the Narayani river, there is a lush growth of short and long grass interspersed with patches of mixed forest. On the hills the forest is more uniform, consisting mainly of stately, straight-trunked sal (Shorea robusta). Everything, it seems, has been like this for some time.
Yet the apparent stability is an illusion. Nature is constantly in a state of flux, particularly in a monsoon area of this kind, and it is a process - a kind of continuous, creeping takeover - whereby some species of plants and trees gradually gain supremacy over others.
Two contrasting elements - water and fire - affect this environment, altering the course of plant succession and creating constant changes in vegetation patterns.
Every summer during the monsoon floods the rivers change their routes to a greater or lesser extent, altering the configuration of the floodplains. The floods destroy whole tracts of vegetation at various stages of growth, and the islands and sandbanks which emerge as the waters recede become sites for primary succession. Thus, every year, water wipes part of the slate clean and allows a new start to be made.
So important is the occasion in the lives of the local Tharus that they hold special festivals to mark the beginning and the end of the grass-cutting season. During this period more than 10,000 entry permits are issued, and thousands more illegal entrants no doubt poured into the park as part of the mass invasion.
By March and April, however, the grass is much drier, and now the fires spread much more quickly, fanned by the afternoon winds to such an extent that some areas are burned two or three times over. The flames spread into the riverine forests, and many young trees are destroyed; but they do not damage the mature trees. The effect of fire is not as devastating to vegetation as might be imagined; and on the plains, where the water-table is high, the grasses produce new shoots within 2 weeks. Although the rate of growth is not high early in the year, it is greatly accelerated by the occasional rains of April and May. By the time the monsoon has set in around mid-June, the new grasses are already 10 feet tall.
Fire appears to be integral to the ecology of Chitwan; if the grasslands were left unburned, the thick, matted stalks would inhibit new growth and create conditions suitable for trees to establish themselves. Burning is a traditional practice used to perpetuate grasslands and discourage trees from moving in. In the perpetuate grasslands and discourage trees from moving in. In the park, the natural plant succession is from grassland to forest, and burning retards this process. It has been established that grassland and riverine forest produce a greater animal biomass than the monotypic sal forest. Without fire to retard woody invasion, large grassland areas would very likely be taken over by forests, except on the low lying floodplains; wildlife populations, especially of ungulates and therefore of predators, would be likely to decline not only in numbers but also in quality.
Seasons:
* The park is under the tropical monsoon climate with relatively high humidity. The winter, spring and monsoon are the three main seasons. The cool winter season occurs from October to February. The spring begins in March and is soon followed by summer that ends in early June. The summer days are typically hot with 30 C on average day temperature. The monsoon usually begins at the end of June and continues until September. The mean annual rainfall is about 2150 mm and during this time of the year rivers are flooded and most of the roads are virtually closed.
How to Get There:
The park is accessible by car or bus on the Kathmandu-Mugling-Narayanghat Highway and or through Mahendra Rajmarg Highway from Hetauda. It is about 6 hour's drive from Kathmandu to Narayanghat. Local buses are available to Tadi Bazar which is about an hour drive form Narayanghat. A 6 km walk or bullockcart ride brings the visitors to Sauraha, the park entrance. Also air services from Kathmandu to Meghauli and Bharatpur are available. Local buses are available form Narayanghat to Park HQ. Kasara.
Park Facilities:
* Display Center, Kasara
* Library at Kasara Sauraha
* Visitor Center, Sauraha
* Machans (View tower)
Activities:
* Elephant ride
* Canoeing
* Guided jungle walk
* Terai culture
* Wildlife breeding projects
* 4WD safaris
And Many more......
Royal Chitwan National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation in South Asia. The prefix "Royal" is being slowly removed from many names in Nepal such as from the name Royal Nepal Airlines which is now Nepal Airlines. Similarly Royal Chitwan National Park is now just called Chitwan National Park.
Formerly, the Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had approved in principle the creation of Royal Chitwan National Park.This is the first national park of Nepal established in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of southern central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World Heritage Site in 1984.
Chitwan is also a place to learn about the Tharu people.Chitwan's National Park is the main attraction in the region. This park is regarded as the best national park of Nepal, and is also the most developed one. Main activities in Chitwan include Jungle Safari, Bird Watching and Boat Tour. Jungle Safari is the most popular one. You will journey into the deep forest riding on elephant back, you will witness the preserved natural assets of Nepal, birds, flora and fauna. World's one of the most endangered species, Bengal Tigers are found abundant in Nepal, many in Chitwan national park. For animal lovers, Chitwan national park offers them an opportunity of a life time to see Royal Bengal tigers, one-horned rhinos, various species of birds and butterflies.. Most include elephant safaris, jungle walks, canoeing and cultural activities.
One Horned Rhinos and Bengal Tigers are the main two animals that are famous in the park. Spotting them while on a safari will be the joy of a life-time. To spot bengal tiger, you might have to extend your stay in Chitwan a little longer!! Altitude of the park ranges from 492 feet (150m) to 2673 feet (815m) Over a 50 different mammals and 450 species of birds are located in the park .
The park consists of churia hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150 m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.
Vegetation and Animals:
*The Chitwan valley is characterized by tropical to subtropical forest. 70% of park vegetation is predominantly Sal ( Shorea robusta ) forest, a moist deciduous climax vegetation type of the Terai region. The remaining vegetation types include grassland (20%), riverine forest (7%) and Sal with Chirpine ( Pinus roxburghii ) (3%), the latter occurring at the top of the Churia range. The riverine forests mainly consists of khair, sissoo and simal. The simal is with spiny bark when young and develops buttress at the bottom in older stage. The grasslands form a diverse and complex community with over 50 species. The Sacchrum species, often called elephant-grass can reach 8 m in height. The shorter grasses such as Imperata is useful for thatch roofs.
*There are more than 43 species of mammals in the park. The park is specially renowned for the protection of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, tiger, gharial crocodile along with many other common species of wild animals. The estimated population of endangered species of animals such as gaur, wild elephant, four horned antelope, striped hyena, pangolin, gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard and python, etc.
* Some of the other animals found in the park are samber, chital, hog deer, barking deer, sloth bear, common leopard, ratel, palm civet, wild dog, langur, rhesus monkey, etc.
There are over 450 species of birds in the park. Among the endangered birds found in the park are Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser florican, black stork and white stork, Few of the common birds seen are peafowl, red jungle fowl, and different species of egrets, herons, kingfishers, flycatchers and woodpeckers. The best time for bird watching is March and December.
* More than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles occur in the park and some of which are marsh mugger crocodile, cobra, green pit viper and various species of frogs and tortoises.
* The park is actively engaged in the scientific studies of several species of wild flora and fauna.
Environment
To a causal observer the pattern of vegetation in Chitwan probably seems stable. On the low lying flat land near the rivers, including the large islands in the Narayani river, there is a lush growth of short and long grass interspersed with patches of mixed forest. On the hills the forest is more uniform, consisting mainly of stately, straight-trunked sal (Shorea robusta). Everything, it seems, has been like this for some time.
Yet the apparent stability is an illusion. Nature is constantly in a state of flux, particularly in a monsoon area of this kind, and it is a process - a kind of continuous, creeping takeover - whereby some species of plants and trees gradually gain supremacy over others.
Two contrasting elements - water and fire - affect this environment, altering the course of plant succession and creating constant changes in vegetation patterns.
Every summer during the monsoon floods the rivers change their routes to a greater or lesser extent, altering the configuration of the floodplains. The floods destroy whole tracts of vegetation at various stages of growth, and the islands and sandbanks which emerge as the waters recede become sites for primary succession. Thus, every year, water wipes part of the slate clean and allows a new start to be made.
So important is the occasion in the lives of the local Tharus that they hold special festivals to mark the beginning and the end of the grass-cutting season. During this period more than 10,000 entry permits are issued, and thousands more illegal entrants no doubt poured into the park as part of the mass invasion.
By March and April, however, the grass is much drier, and now the fires spread much more quickly, fanned by the afternoon winds to such an extent that some areas are burned two or three times over. The flames spread into the riverine forests, and many young trees are destroyed; but they do not damage the mature trees. The effect of fire is not as devastating to vegetation as might be imagined; and on the plains, where the water-table is high, the grasses produce new shoots within 2 weeks. Although the rate of growth is not high early in the year, it is greatly accelerated by the occasional rains of April and May. By the time the monsoon has set in around mid-June, the new grasses are already 10 feet tall.
Fire appears to be integral to the ecology of Chitwan; if the grasslands were left unburned, the thick, matted stalks would inhibit new growth and create conditions suitable for trees to establish themselves. Burning is a traditional practice used to perpetuate grasslands and discourage trees from moving in. In the perpetuate grasslands and discourage trees from moving in. In the park, the natural plant succession is from grassland to forest, and burning retards this process. It has been established that grassland and riverine forest produce a greater animal biomass than the monotypic sal forest. Without fire to retard woody invasion, large grassland areas would very likely be taken over by forests, except on the low lying floodplains; wildlife populations, especially of ungulates and therefore of predators, would be likely to decline not only in numbers but also in quality.
Seasons:
* The park is under the tropical monsoon climate with relatively high humidity. The winter, spring and monsoon are the three main seasons. The cool winter season occurs from October to February. The spring begins in March and is soon followed by summer that ends in early June. The summer days are typically hot with 30 C on average day temperature. The monsoon usually begins at the end of June and continues until September. The mean annual rainfall is about 2150 mm and during this time of the year rivers are flooded and most of the roads are virtually closed.
How to Get There:
The park is accessible by car or bus on the Kathmandu-Mugling-Narayanghat Highway and or through Mahendra Rajmarg Highway from Hetauda. It is about 6 hour's drive from Kathmandu to Narayanghat. Local buses are available to Tadi Bazar which is about an hour drive form Narayanghat. A 6 km walk or bullockcart ride brings the visitors to Sauraha, the park entrance. Also air services from Kathmandu to Meghauli and Bharatpur are available. Local buses are available form Narayanghat to Park HQ. Kasara.
Park Facilities:
* Display Center, Kasara
* Library at Kasara Sauraha
* Visitor Center, Sauraha
* Machans (View tower)
Activities:
* Elephant ride
* Canoeing
* Guided jungle walk
* Terai culture
* Wildlife breeding projects
* 4WD safaris
And Many more......
Bardia National Park
Bardia National Park is located in the Far-Western Region, Nepal and was established in 1988 as Royal Bardia National Park. Covering an area of 968 km2 it is the largest and most undisturbed wilderness area in the Terai, adjoining the eastern bank of the Karnali River in the Bardia District.
The northern limits of the protected area are demarcated by the crest of the Siwalik Hills. The Nepalgunj-Surkhet highway partly forms the southern boundary, but seriously disrupts the protected area. Natural boundaries to human settlements are formed in the west by the Geruwa, a branch of the Karnali River, and in the southeast by the Babai River.
Natural Beauty of Bardia National Park
Today's Royal Bardia National Park is bordered to the south by the Babai River, to the north by the Shiwalik or Churia Hills, to the west by the Girwa River (a tributary of the Karnali), and to the east by a section of the East-West Highway which bisects the park. The Terai is only in the southwest corner of the park. Much of Bardia is on the southern slopes of the Shiwalik Range where the hills rise to over 4,000 feet.
From the base of these hills, the park slopes gently over highly porous ground for several miles to the rivers of the Gangetic plain. At Chisopani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from the Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. Where the river braids out, small riverine forested islands form. Wildlife frequent these oases - maybe you'll be as lucky as we once were to spot a wild Elephant swimming trunk-deep across the river to reach the island.
Fuana In Bardia National Park
What makes a visit to Nepal's Royal Bardia National Park particularly special is not just its large and intact habitat area and its isolated location, but also the presence here of one of the last known herds of wild Elephants in South Asia. The herd, numbering less than two dozen, roams these remote jungles in western Nepal.
The largest of the herd is affectionately called �Thulo Hati�, which means "Big Elephant" in the Nepali language. Seeing these wild Elephants greyish-white bulk rising above the morning mists and hearing them trumpet across the jungle clearing is one of the most remarkable wildlife experiences to be had on our planet.
Bardia also boasts the greatest number of deer species in Nepal. The six deer species found in the park are: Chital or spotted Deer with its ubiquitous white spots on a brown coat; Hog Deer; similar to but smaller than Chital; Sambhar, the largest Deer on Indian subcontinent with a shaggy coat and thick antlers; Swamp Deer; Barasingha; and reddish-colored Barking Deer, the park's smallest Deer.
Other large mammals are: Gaur, the largest wild oxen in world; wild Boar, an omnivorous black-coated creature with large tusks; the agile sloth Bear, a shaggy black bear with a distinctive white "V" on its chest; Blue Bull or Nilgai, the largest Antelope on the Indian subcontinent; and Himalayan Tahr. Serow and Goral, two goat-Antelope members, are also found. Small mammals include: Langur Monkey, Rhesus Macaque, Jackal, three species of cats (jungle, leopard, and fishing); yellow-throated Marten; Mongoose; and Indian Otter.
Two species of crocodiles swim in the Karnali, Girwa, and Babai Rivers - the blunt-snouted Marsh Mugger and the fish-eating gharial with its long thin snout. These creatures share the water with the fresh-water Gangetic Dolphin. The Karnali also supports the great mahseer, which weigh up to 90 lbs, an angler's prize catch.
Birds are the park's most conspicuous fauna with over 300 resident and migratory species. Avid bird-watchers will want to visit the park in November or from February to April when migrants arrive, depart or pass through.
Jungle Safari In Bardia National Park
To view the wild Elephants, you ride on the backs of specially-trained elephants, each guided by a driver. As you sit in a padded wooden platform on the Elephant's back with your camera ready, your Mahout steers the Elephant through tall grass. Mists rise off the nearby river, and you spot a mother Rhino leading her baby down to the river for a drink. Monkeys chatter and birds call in the nearby trees, signaling that an elusive Royal Bengal Tiger is stalking Deer through the high grass. It's a very special experience - a unique experience out at Royal Bardia - unlike any other wildlife setting
The northern limits of the protected area are demarcated by the crest of the Siwalik Hills. The Nepalgunj-Surkhet highway partly forms the southern boundary, but seriously disrupts the protected area. Natural boundaries to human settlements are formed in the west by the Geruwa, a branch of the Karnali River, and in the southeast by the Babai River.
Natural Beauty of Bardia National Park
Today's Royal Bardia National Park is bordered to the south by the Babai River, to the north by the Shiwalik or Churia Hills, to the west by the Girwa River (a tributary of the Karnali), and to the east by a section of the East-West Highway which bisects the park. The Terai is only in the southwest corner of the park. Much of Bardia is on the southern slopes of the Shiwalik Range where the hills rise to over 4,000 feet.
From the base of these hills, the park slopes gently over highly porous ground for several miles to the rivers of the Gangetic plain. At Chisopani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from the Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. Where the river braids out, small riverine forested islands form. Wildlife frequent these oases - maybe you'll be as lucky as we once were to spot a wild Elephant swimming trunk-deep across the river to reach the island.
Fuana In Bardia National Park
What makes a visit to Nepal's Royal Bardia National Park particularly special is not just its large and intact habitat area and its isolated location, but also the presence here of one of the last known herds of wild Elephants in South Asia. The herd, numbering less than two dozen, roams these remote jungles in western Nepal.
The largest of the herd is affectionately called �Thulo Hati�, which means "Big Elephant" in the Nepali language. Seeing these wild Elephants greyish-white bulk rising above the morning mists and hearing them trumpet across the jungle clearing is one of the most remarkable wildlife experiences to be had on our planet.
Bardia also boasts the greatest number of deer species in Nepal. The six deer species found in the park are: Chital or spotted Deer with its ubiquitous white spots on a brown coat; Hog Deer; similar to but smaller than Chital; Sambhar, the largest Deer on Indian subcontinent with a shaggy coat and thick antlers; Swamp Deer; Barasingha; and reddish-colored Barking Deer, the park's smallest Deer.
Other large mammals are: Gaur, the largest wild oxen in world; wild Boar, an omnivorous black-coated creature with large tusks; the agile sloth Bear, a shaggy black bear with a distinctive white "V" on its chest; Blue Bull or Nilgai, the largest Antelope on the Indian subcontinent; and Himalayan Tahr. Serow and Goral, two goat-Antelope members, are also found. Small mammals include: Langur Monkey, Rhesus Macaque, Jackal, three species of cats (jungle, leopard, and fishing); yellow-throated Marten; Mongoose; and Indian Otter.
Two species of crocodiles swim in the Karnali, Girwa, and Babai Rivers - the blunt-snouted Marsh Mugger and the fish-eating gharial with its long thin snout. These creatures share the water with the fresh-water Gangetic Dolphin. The Karnali also supports the great mahseer, which weigh up to 90 lbs, an angler's prize catch.
Birds are the park's most conspicuous fauna with over 300 resident and migratory species. Avid bird-watchers will want to visit the park in November or from February to April when migrants arrive, depart or pass through.
Jungle Safari In Bardia National Park
To view the wild Elephants, you ride on the backs of specially-trained elephants, each guided by a driver. As you sit in a padded wooden platform on the Elephant's back with your camera ready, your Mahout steers the Elephant through tall grass. Mists rise off the nearby river, and you spot a mother Rhino leading her baby down to the river for a drink. Monkeys chatter and birds call in the nearby trees, signaling that an elusive Royal Bengal Tiger is stalking Deer through the high grass. It's a very special experience - a unique experience out at Royal Bardia - unlike any other wildlife setting
Tourist Attractions : in nepal
Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is the largest city in the country. Nepal capital city is in shape of Khukuri knife and its glorious history dates back to two thousand years. Located in the bowl shaped Kathmandu Valley, the city is the cultural hub of the country and probably the most sought after tourist destination
A 218 square miles of land, situated above 4400 ft above sea level with three historic, artistic and cultural towns namely Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur together form what is known as the `Kathmandu Valley'. Kathmandu is the hub of Nepal's traditional culture and arts. This is the place for rest, relaxation and easy-day sightseeing of historic and artistic temples and monuments, and mountain views. Being the capital city of Nepal, it offers much service including international airlines, hotels and other facilities. . Located in the bowl shaped Kathmandu Valley, the city is the cultural hub of the country and probably the most sought after tourist destination. One also enjoys Kathmandu for night life, shopping and of course for the mountain views.
Kathmandu city is the conjecture to the major routes within and outside the country. Most of the trekking expeditions and tours start from Kathmandu. The city itself is home to the historical monuments, cultural groups, architectural wonders and exotic tourist destinations. The famous durbar squares of Kathmandu are world famous and the Kathmandu valley is a Cultural World Heritage site listed by UNESCO in 1979.
Tourist Attractions :
Pashupatinath Temple
Pashupatinath Temple, with its astonishing architectural beauty, stands as a symbol of faith, religion, culture and tradition. Regarded as the most sacred temple of Hindu Lord Shiva in the world, Pashupatinath temple's existence dates back to 400 A.D. The richly-ornamented pagoda houses the sacred linga or phallic symbol of Lord Shiva. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world come to pay homage to this temple, that is also known as the temple of living beings. The Pashupatinath Temple is the pride of Kathmandu.
Hanuman Dhoka (Durbar Square)
The square is the complex of palaces, courtyards and temples that are built between the 12th and the 18th centuries by the ancient Malla Kings of Nepal. It is the social, religious and urban focal point of the city. Taleju Temple, Kal Bhairab (God of Destruction), Nautalle Durbar, Coronation Nasal Chowk, the Gaddi Baithak, the statue of King Pratap Malla, the Big Bell, Big Drum and the Jagnnath Temple are some of the interesting things to see in this Square.
Swayambhunath Stupa
Also known as the monkey temple, the Buddhist temple of Swayambhunath is situated on the top of a hill, west to Kathmandu. The temple is considered to be one of the most popular, holiest and instantly recognizable symbols of Nepal. Large tribes of monkeys can be seen inside and around the temple.This is one of the world's most glorious Buddhist Chaityas.
Boudhanath Stupa
The biggest stupa in Nepal is situated 7 km east to Kathmandu. Boudhanath Stupa looms 36 meters high and presents one of the most fascinating specimens of stupa design. There are more than 45 Buddhist monasteries in the area. The Bouddhanath stupa is also known as Khasti Chitya and is considered as one of the oldest stupas in the country.
Budhanilkantha
This is one of the masterpieces of stone sculptures of Lichchhavi period. This 5th century statue is in the middle of a small pond and seems to float in water. The Budhanilkantha temple consists of a pond in which lies a great stone figure of the Hindu god Vishnu reclining on the coils of a cosmic serpent. The huge statue of sleeping Vishnu is believed to be carved from the single block of black stone of a type not found in the valley. It is believed that ages before the two hardworking farmers (husband and wife) discovered the statue when they were ploughing their field.
Changu Narayan Temple
The oldest temple in Kathmandu valley, Changu Narayan was built in 4th century. The temple is decorated by some of the best samples of stone, wood, and metal craft in the valley. The temple possess a Vishnu image with ten heads and ten arms that is a fine example of stone carving from the 5th century. The temple stands as a representative of culture, religion, history and faith.
Narayanhity Durbar
It was the Royal Palace of the Late King, His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev of Nepal. The Shah kings moved to this palace from their old palace in the late 18th century. The new edifice was inaugurated in 1970 on the occasion of the wedding of His Majesty king Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev. The palace takes its name from the Narayanhiti, a famous historic waterspout situated at the southern corner of the Palace.
Art and Culture
Kathmandu is the cultural focal point of Nepal. Being the meeting point of major ethic groups and foreign nationalities, the city has a diverse and rich culture. The unique intermingling of traditional ethnic groups is a characteristic feature of Kathmandu. The popular art museums in Kathmandu are:
National Museum
Two and half kilometers west of Kathmandu, the National Museum has splendid collection of weapons, artifacts from ancient, medieval and modern Nepal. Its archaeological, historical and other heritage displays are worth seeing.
Natural History Museum
Situated 3-kms west of Kathmandu City behind the famous Swayambhunath hillock, this museum has a unique collection of butterflies, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, plants and a variety of fossils collected from within the country.
Festivals in Kathmandu
Although each day at Kathmandu Nepal is festive, joyous and ecstatic, there are certain days that are celebrated in high spirits throughout the capital. One doesn't have to be religious to enjoy these festivals as the people of Nepal, particularly Kathmandu are tolerant and open to other religions and stream of faith.
Traditional Souvenirs and Curios
Household brassware like khukuri knife; musical instruments like flutes; Tibetan-style curios; gem jewellery, glass beads, embroidered and kashmiri handicrafts like silk carpets are found in bulk at the small vendors and street make-shift shops of Kathmandu.
Contemporary Crafts
The Nepali artisans are famous for their unusual range of contemporary crafts like dhaka, beautiful greeting cards of handmade paper, Maithili-style paintings and toys, dolls in ethnic dress, ready-made clothes, woollens, leather goods, batiks, scented candles, and ingenious articles out of bamboo and pine needles.
A 218 square miles of land, situated above 4400 ft above sea level with three historic, artistic and cultural towns namely Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur together form what is known as the `Kathmandu Valley'. Kathmandu is the hub of Nepal's traditional culture and arts. This is the place for rest, relaxation and easy-day sightseeing of historic and artistic temples and monuments, and mountain views. Being the capital city of Nepal, it offers much service including international airlines, hotels and other facilities. . Located in the bowl shaped Kathmandu Valley, the city is the cultural hub of the country and probably the most sought after tourist destination. One also enjoys Kathmandu for night life, shopping and of course for the mountain views.
Kathmandu city is the conjecture to the major routes within and outside the country. Most of the trekking expeditions and tours start from Kathmandu. The city itself is home to the historical monuments, cultural groups, architectural wonders and exotic tourist destinations. The famous durbar squares of Kathmandu are world famous and the Kathmandu valley is a Cultural World Heritage site listed by UNESCO in 1979.
Tourist Attractions :
Pashupatinath Temple
Pashupatinath Temple, with its astonishing architectural beauty, stands as a symbol of faith, religion, culture and tradition. Regarded as the most sacred temple of Hindu Lord Shiva in the world, Pashupatinath temple's existence dates back to 400 A.D. The richly-ornamented pagoda houses the sacred linga or phallic symbol of Lord Shiva. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world come to pay homage to this temple, that is also known as the temple of living beings. The Pashupatinath Temple is the pride of Kathmandu.
Hanuman Dhoka (Durbar Square)
The square is the complex of palaces, courtyards and temples that are built between the 12th and the 18th centuries by the ancient Malla Kings of Nepal. It is the social, religious and urban focal point of the city. Taleju Temple, Kal Bhairab (God of Destruction), Nautalle Durbar, Coronation Nasal Chowk, the Gaddi Baithak, the statue of King Pratap Malla, the Big Bell, Big Drum and the Jagnnath Temple are some of the interesting things to see in this Square.
Swayambhunath Stupa
Also known as the monkey temple, the Buddhist temple of Swayambhunath is situated on the top of a hill, west to Kathmandu. The temple is considered to be one of the most popular, holiest and instantly recognizable symbols of Nepal. Large tribes of monkeys can be seen inside and around the temple.This is one of the world's most glorious Buddhist Chaityas.
Boudhanath Stupa
The biggest stupa in Nepal is situated 7 km east to Kathmandu. Boudhanath Stupa looms 36 meters high and presents one of the most fascinating specimens of stupa design. There are more than 45 Buddhist monasteries in the area. The Bouddhanath stupa is also known as Khasti Chitya and is considered as one of the oldest stupas in the country.
Budhanilkantha
This is one of the masterpieces of stone sculptures of Lichchhavi period. This 5th century statue is in the middle of a small pond and seems to float in water. The Budhanilkantha temple consists of a pond in which lies a great stone figure of the Hindu god Vishnu reclining on the coils of a cosmic serpent. The huge statue of sleeping Vishnu is believed to be carved from the single block of black stone of a type not found in the valley. It is believed that ages before the two hardworking farmers (husband and wife) discovered the statue when they were ploughing their field.
Changu Narayan Temple
The oldest temple in Kathmandu valley, Changu Narayan was built in 4th century. The temple is decorated by some of the best samples of stone, wood, and metal craft in the valley. The temple possess a Vishnu image with ten heads and ten arms that is a fine example of stone carving from the 5th century. The temple stands as a representative of culture, religion, history and faith.
Narayanhity Durbar
It was the Royal Palace of the Late King, His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev of Nepal. The Shah kings moved to this palace from their old palace in the late 18th century. The new edifice was inaugurated in 1970 on the occasion of the wedding of His Majesty king Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev. The palace takes its name from the Narayanhiti, a famous historic waterspout situated at the southern corner of the Palace.
Art and Culture
Kathmandu is the cultural focal point of Nepal. Being the meeting point of major ethic groups and foreign nationalities, the city has a diverse and rich culture. The unique intermingling of traditional ethnic groups is a characteristic feature of Kathmandu. The popular art museums in Kathmandu are:
National Museum
Two and half kilometers west of Kathmandu, the National Museum has splendid collection of weapons, artifacts from ancient, medieval and modern Nepal. Its archaeological, historical and other heritage displays are worth seeing.
Natural History Museum
Situated 3-kms west of Kathmandu City behind the famous Swayambhunath hillock, this museum has a unique collection of butterflies, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, plants and a variety of fossils collected from within the country.
Festivals in Kathmandu
Although each day at Kathmandu Nepal is festive, joyous and ecstatic, there are certain days that are celebrated in high spirits throughout the capital. One doesn't have to be religious to enjoy these festivals as the people of Nepal, particularly Kathmandu are tolerant and open to other religions and stream of faith.
Traditional Souvenirs and Curios
Household brassware like khukuri knife; musical instruments like flutes; Tibetan-style curios; gem jewellery, glass beads, embroidered and kashmiri handicrafts like silk carpets are found in bulk at the small vendors and street make-shift shops of Kathmandu.
Contemporary Crafts
The Nepali artisans are famous for their unusual range of contemporary crafts like dhaka, beautiful greeting cards of handmade paper, Maithili-style paintings and toys, dolls in ethnic dress, ready-made clothes, woollens, leather goods, batiks, scented candles, and ingenious articles out of bamboo and pine needles.
Trekking In Nepal Ganesh Himal Trek
| There are five major groups of peaks: Ganesh Himal, Langtang Himal, Manaslu, Hiunchuli and the large Annapurna Himalayan range between Kathmandu and Pokhara cities. Many trekkers recommend this route though it is not as popular as Annapurna and Everest. It is famous for Tamang Culture, spectacular mountain views and rhododendron forest. The Ganesh Himal range consists of several peaks over 7000m in elevation with uninhabited foothills running down to the south and west. No specific permit is needed to trek in Ganesh Himal area. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Note: | The Itinerary we are proposing you is only on outline. You could use it to best fitness and interest when practically you are in the field our guide are very comfortable, flexible and understanding to make your trip with full of pleasure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thursday, 21 July 2011
Specialized trekking agency in Eco Treks, Tours and Trekking in Everest, Annapurna, Langtang regions Nepal.
Nepal is a land of great diversity, its cultures, religions, geography and wildlife fascinate and challenge the imagination. Nepal’s high mountain range (ranging to 8848mt.), spectacular trekking routes like Annapurna Base Camp(ABC), Everest Base camp Trek, Annapurna Sanctuary Trek, Langtang Classic Trek, Heli Tours,Nepal tours etc. and the most exiting white water rafting has made Nepal undoubtedly a travelers’ delight. Trekking in Nepal is often referred to as walking through the paradise on earth.
Visit Nepal 2011 (A reliable trekking agency in Thamel) offers walking in the Annapurna foothills more challenging but safe trekking trip to the likes of Everest Base Camp, Gokyo Lakes and the Annapurna Circuit, Mustang, Dolpo, Rara, Manaslu, Ganesh Himal exploratory treks to the less visited regions of T-sum valley, Nagpa La, Nar, Phu and Rolwaling and mountaineering expeditions to climb mountains such as Mera Peak, Island Peak,Pisang peak and Chulu West.
Visit Nepal 2011 (A reliable trekking agency in Thamel) offers walking in the Annapurna foothills more challenging but safe trekking trip to the likes of Everest Base Camp, Gokyo Lakes and the Annapurna Circuit, Mustang, Dolpo, Rara, Manaslu, Ganesh Himal exploratory treks to the less visited regions of T-sum valley, Nagpa La, Nar, Phu and Rolwaling and mountaineering expeditions to climb mountains such as Mera Peak, Island Peak,Pisang peak and Chulu West.
We look forward to hearing from you.
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